Antinarcotic preventive maintenance
Aspects of antinarcotic preventive maintenance
The narcogene situation which has developed in the country demands emergency search of effective methods of preventive maintenance and the prevention of narcoinfestation of rising generation.
By data, every year in the world because of the use of narcotics and overdosages 70 thousand and 10 thousand persons accordingly dies. From acute alcoholic poisonings, and 40 thousand persons dies of the diseases bound to the use of alcohol and smoking, – some hundreds thousand persons. At least time in life narcotics tried 15 million Russians, and 6 million persons are on drugs regulary. About 80 % from them are teenagers and youth till 30 years. If to consider that each narcomaniac for years of illness involves in an orbit of a drug addiction of 5-8 persons probability of that dependent begin to control in the near future independent, bleeds through all more distinctly.
It is obvious that formation of chemically dependent behaviour has the all-level, complex nature. In the literature it is described about hundred the factors to some extent promoting formation of a drug addiction. Thus all explorers agree in opinion that for occurrence of narcodependent behaviour has crucial importance not one any factor, and some set of biological, social, psychologic and spiritual living conditions. Representatives of various psychologic approaches accent the following factors contributing to dependent behaviour. These factors grow out of generalisation of the yielded different researches:
- Family patterns of behaviour;
- Mental traumas of the childhood;
- Destructive interpersonal attitudes;
- Stressful situations of a modern society.
Substantially formation of dependent behaviour is a product of socially cultural context. So, Dzhudit Harris has put forward argument that influence of associates and a society is more important, than monogynopaedium influence in predetermination of with what children will grow. For example, researches in the field of criminality among minors and dynamics of growth of number of children who have studied less at school, show that the child behaves better if lives in normal district, but unsuccessful monogynopaedium, in comparison with what lives in unsuccessful district, but in good monogynopaedium. In a reality it no more than obvious and intelligent continuation of the law of force of circumstances. He simply says to us that children are in many respects formed depending on environmental conditions that properties of our social and physical world (street on which we go; people whom we meet) play a huge role in predetermination of the one who we and as themselves we conduct.
Let’s look back around and we will look, what see and our children hear? In streets – adult men and women with the swelled persons with cigarettes and beer bottles in arms. And it is natural, because, for example, in Norway one shop trading in beverages is stronger than 4,75 %, it is necessary on 30 thousand persons, in Sweden – on 23 thousand, in Moscow suburbs – on 400 persons. Houses – the parents exhausted in a struggle for survival, angry and breaking on cry. And agents of mass media bring down on all of us the whole avalanche of the modes which appreciable part has not something in common with a reality of our society, the total hedonism is propagandised, a measure of value of the person the quantity of pleasure, at least and short-term which it presumes appears. Vaguely feeling possibility of experience of other states and a yield for limens of the sad ordinary, the person uses all possible, but substitute and consequently, not achieving the object agents offered by an industrial society, to variate a state of the consciousness. In attempts to worry other states of consciousness adults and children watch TV hours and listen to music, go shopping or on parties, are dipped in the virtual world of computer games or in the world generated by means of various psychoactive materials, etc.
According to clinicians, rate and gravity of development of a drug dependence is caused by a genetic predisposition to the use of psychoactive materials, and the decision on the first assay of a narcotic depends on a state of sphere of consciousness, reflects character of existing representations, the equipments, the values amounting consciousness of the individual. Values and interests are those components of consciousness which are to the greatest degree bound to motivation of behaviour of the person, influence choice of this or that behaviour meaningly carried out by it.
Teenagers, according to interrogations, the main cause of the first assay of psychoactive materials name curiosity. However, as has noted I.N.Pjatnitsky, standard references to “curiosity” should be regarded as tendency to leave from profound introspection, as to what to another they did not show curiosity. The tendency to pleasure, in its opinion, is the general sign of disease. Wishing to overcome monotony of the ordinary or to get rid of information overloads, the modern person forgets that «the hedonism is the catcher transforming life in a mad and tragical pursuit of pleasure, urged forward by horror of suffering. If the person also manages to be intercepted in this pursuit, it is found out that anything, except a spiritual devastation and corporal ageing, it has not got».
Region the raised risk of formation of dependent behaviour is the teenage age when arise tendency to grouping, the negativism, etc. a sensitivity Combination to criticism, from the world of adults with requirement of a recognition for bunch of contemporaries and pavor of loneliness conducts requirements for an autonomy to that the use of psychoactive materials in bunch, besides satisfaction of curiosity, allows to reinforce as though the accessory to it, to show opposition in relation to parents and negation of values of the world of adults. Thus group psychologic processes encourage renunciation of personal responsibility that alcohol or marihuana tempts the teenager not less, than.
Starting to work on preventive maintenance of dependent behaviour of children and teenagers, it is necessary to consider some circumstances characterising a current state of a society. First, loss of integrated perception of the world, destruction of ideological reference points, abandoning of cultural wealth have led to loss of the purposes and senses of human life. Valuable chaos and information overloads, invoking senses of estrangement and senselessness of life, generate moral loss of consciousness, world outlook and spiritually-moral crisis of the person, which escaping it searches depending on psychoactive materials. Secondly, there was a head and feet set in functioning of major socially-demographic “triangle”: children – parents – teachers (instructors). The Mode of life and values of the senior generation more are not model and reference points for young men. Our children can tell to us:« You never were young in the world where we are young ». One of results of destruction of family traditions and alienation in monogynopaedium is that in case of the beginning of the use by the teenager of narcotics parents learn about it late enough when to assist their child already inconveniently in view of transferring of the periodic use in illness. According to full-scale research where the bunch of parents narcodependent was interrogated also, only 13 % of parents« almost at once »have learnt about the use by the child of narcotic materials; 34 % have found it only when from the house things have started to vanish, 29 % – only when have begun problems with militia. A quarter of the narcodependent have told about it, but this situation became possible, when young men have perceived what independently to refuse the use cannot any more – the help is required to them. While modern teenagers are distinguished by indifference to social processes and insusceptibility to dogmas, orientation to individualism and absolutization of material assets. The conflict and misunderstanding in mutual relations of children with adults get character of the steady tendency. Accruing opposition is expressed in augmentation of the destructive tendencies – development of deviations, in particular to an alcoholization.
And, at last, if during former times social disasters involved in a greater degree quantitative, instead of qualitative losses of population, abandoning for reproduction healthy from extremity ХХ century population in some part is replicated by unhealthy people. It is possible to speak at least about four generations if to reckon from the extremity 50_х years when alcoholism growth has begun. A state early maturating (deckman) frames of a brain. Means, all stages of development are deformed. Experts ascertain that at present children immunodefence depression, the hyperactivity, the raised aggressiveness, deficiency of attention, will, difficulty of the control of own activity are observed. All it leads at least to occurrence of field (impulsive) behaviour, as a maximum – to predilection for various dependences, such as hit in sect, the use of narcotics, alcohol, toxic harmful materials etc. Such situation forces experts to ascertain that present children cardinally differ from the ancestors: «It simply two different persons, each of which speaks in the tongue of a body and in the tongue of a brain».
The general methodical demand to working on a field of preventive antinarcotic work is representation formation about wished, as about already “available”, “realised” (i.e. As though desirable events have descended, etc.) . The core in realisation of the yielded principle is the confidence that the purpose will be reached. So, if prospective event to concern as to really come true, it really descends, «the effect of Pigmaliona» is observed so-called. It can be both negative, and positive. By the way, many preventive foreign and domestic programs are constructed in the logician: if you start it to do, it will be pleasant to you; you will start to do it regulary and will get used; it is impossible to refuse many habits, and you will have serious negative consequences. The truthful information is structured in the logician of a negative self-realised prediction for the child that contradicts the purposes of the prevention of the negative phenomenon – dependent behaviour. (Such structuring of the information is admissible for the adults working with this problem as it is not referred on them).
The demand to show an optimistic view means belief in its best qualities, in offensive of positive effects of cooperation, in positive vicissitudes in behaviour, destiny. To trust – means to inspire force. Preventive actions should be oriented on research by the teenager of the of “moral stock» – systems of spiritually-moral values and are referred on upgrading of all natural that is in the teenager.